WOMENXIANLAIKANYIZHANGTU

TONGGUOYIZHANGZHIGUANDETULAITANTAOJINTIANDEHUATI

ZHEISANZHANGSEPUTUDETIAOJIANRUXIA：

CESHIWUZHIWEIC1-C10DEWANJIANTONGXILIEYANSHENGDEYANSHENGDEYANAIJIBENBINGMIZUOANHUANGXIAN

这三张色谱图给您的直观感觉是什么？

●ATUDENGDUXITUO，95：5DEJIACHUNSHUI，10GEFENGZAI10minCHUFENG，FENGHENJIANRUI（ZHAI），KESHIJIXIANBUFENLI。

●BTUDENGDUXITUO，80：20DEJIACHUNSHUI，10GEFENGZAI50minCHUFENG，HOUMIANDEFENGMINGXIANZHANKUAN，FENGAIPANG。

●CTUTIDUXITUO，SUOYOUWUZHIZAI20minCHUFENG，FENLIDUHEXIANGYINGDOULIANGHAO。

这三张图看完后，您是否有如下疑问？

●DENGDUXITUO，YAOMEJIGEFENGFENBUKAI，YAOMEFENKAILE，SHIJIANZHANG，CHUXIANAIPANGFENG，DENGDUXITUOBUSHIHEDUOZUFENFENLIMA，TONGXINGGAOSUWODUOZUFENYIBANYAOSHIYONGTIDUXITUO，ZHEISHIWEISHENME？

●TIDUXITUOSHIZENMESHIXIANHUAHEWUZAIHAODEFENLIDUXIA，YOUBAOCHISEPUFENGBUZHANKUAN，CHUXIANJIANRUIDESEPUFENGDE？

●ZENMESHEZHITIDU，ZENMEQUEDINGYIGEHAODETIDUXITUOFANGFA？

WEILEJIEJUEDAJIADEKUNHUO，

WOMENJINTIANJIUSHIYAOLAITANTAO，

WEISHENMEDUOZUFENYAOSHIYONGTIDUFA，

TIDUXITUOZENMEYOUHUA。

对于多组分的检测，我们希望什么？

1、LIANGHAODEFENLIDU

2、HAODEXIANGYING，FENGGAOHEFENGMIANJI，SEPUBUZHANKUAN，DEDAOZHAIDESEPUFENG。

SHOUXIAN，WOMENLAIKANKANYINGXIANGSEPUFENLIDUDEYINSUSHISHENME？

ZHEILIJIDAJIAFANGSHANGYIGEFENLIDUDEGUANXISHI：

SHIZIZHONGDERWEIFENLIDU，kWEIRONGLIANGYINZI，aWEIFENLIYINZI。

WOMENLAIHUIGUYIXIAJIBENZHISHI：

t_M 为不被固定相保留的死时间，

t_R为化合物的保留时间（从进样到出现浓度最大值的时间），

t_R^’为化合物的调整保留时间。

RONGLIANGYINZI：SHIHUAHEWUZAIYE-GULIANGXIANGDADAOFENPEIPINGHENGSHI，ZUFENZAIGUDINGXIANGYULIUDONGXIANGZHONGDEZHILIANGBIZHI，YINCIYOUBEICHENGWEIZHILIANGFENPEIXISHU。

FENLIYINZI：FENLIYINZISHIZAITONGYISEPUXITONGTIAOJIANXIABAOLIUDECHAYIDELIANGDU

DANGα=1SHI，LIANGGESEPUFENGJUYOUXIANGTONGDEBAOLIUSHIJIANBINGGONGLIUCHU。

DUIYUDUOZUFEN，WOMENXUDESHI，ZAIYIDINGDESHIJIANNEIJIANGZUFENFENLI，BINGQIEDEDAOYIDINGDESEPUKUANDUDEFENG（JIANFENG）；NEIMEXIANGYAOLIANGHAODEFENLIDU，XUYAODESHIXIANGLINDELIANGGEHUAHEWUNENGDADAOJIXIANFENLI，SHOUXIANKANYIXIAFENLIDUGONGSHI，KANKANSHENMEYINGXIANGFENLIDU：

其中：；我们可以看到，在同一色谱系统，两个化合物的分离因子，与此色谱系统下，化合物自身特性相关，当α越大，分离度也将越大。

而其中：

KEJIAN，K’ZENGDA，KEYITIGAOFENLIDU。

WOMENZHIDAO，TIDUXITUOCHENGXUZAIGAIBIANLIUDONGXIANGDEBILI，YIDADAOFENLIDEMUDE，NEIMETIDUXITUOJIUJINGSHIZENMELAIYINGXIANGFENLIDUDENI？

WOMENYIFANXIANGSEPUXITONGWEILI，LAIKANYIXIA，DANGWOMENGAIBIANLELIUDONGXIANGBILISHI，k’DEBIANHUAQINGKUANG。

ZHEISHIYIZHANGFANXIANGSEPUTUZHONG，HUAHEWUDElgk’YULIUDONGXIANGZHONGYOUJIXIANGBILIDEGUANXITU，JINSIWEIXIANXINGDEGUANXITU。CONGZHEIZHANGTU，KEYIKANCHU，ZAIFANXIANGSEPUZHONG，lgk’SUIZHEψBILIZENGDA，ZHUJIANJIANGDI，k’YEZHUJIANJIANXIAO。

JI:  lgk’ =Aψ+B (AWEIQUXIANDEXIELV，BWEIJIEJU）。

TONGGUOZHEIZHANGTU，WOMENLAISHUOMINGWEISHENMEXUYAOTIDUXITUO，

DUIYUHUAHEWU1，2

Ψ=0.45SHI，lgk1’ =0.97，k1’=9.33；

lgk2’=1.27,   k2’=18.6;

RUGUOWOMENSHIYONGDENGDUXITUO，YOUJIXIANGDEBILVWEI45%，WOMENHUIFAXIAN，YOUYUCISHIDEk1’=9.33， k2’=18.6，k’DOUDAYU10，ZHEIGESHIHOU，HUAHEWUYUGUDINGXIANGZUOYONGDESHIJIANJIAOZHANG，YINCIKEYIXIANGXIANG，ZAIZHEIGESHIHOUHUAHEWU1，HEHUAHEWU2 CHUFENGSHIJIANDOUBIJIAOKAOHOU，ERQIEYOUYUQIANGDEZUOYONGLI，DAOZHILIUDONGXIANGWUFAZAIYIGEDUANDESHIJIANNEIJIANGHUAHEWUXITUOCHULAI，YINCIFENGDOUBIANDEBIJIAOAIPANG，YEJIUSHIKUANFENG，RUTU：

DUIYUHUAHEWU1，2

Ψ=0.65SHI，lgk1’ =-0.21，k1’=0.61；

lgk2’=-0.35,   k2’=0.44;

如果我们使用等度洗脱，有机相的比率为65%，我们会发现，由于此时的k1’=0.61， k2’=0.44，k’都接近于0，此时化合物会被流动相快速带出，形成尖峰，但由于两个化合物得K'都很小，而且接近，会形成共流出物，而且，第yi个峰出峰时间最hao大于2t_M（K’=0)值，反映得图如下：

NEIMERUGUOSHITIDUXITUO，HUIZENMEYANGNI：

ZAITIDUXITUOGUOCHENGZHONG，K’DEZHIHUISUILIUDONGXIANGDEBIANHUAERGAIBIAN，HUAHEWUBEILIUDONGXIANGXITUODAICHUSEPUZHUDAODAJIANCEQIDEBAOLIUSHIJIAN，YUHUAHEWUCONGJINYANGKAISHI，DAOLIUCHUSEPUZHUDEZHEIYIDUANSHIJIANNEIPINGJUNDEK’DEDAXIAO，YIJISEPUZHUZHANG，LIUDONGXIANGDELIUSUDENGYOUGUAN，ERHUAHEWUSHIFOUNENGCHANSHENGZHAIDESEPUFENG，ZEQUJUEYUWUZHIZAIJIANGYAOTUOLISEPUZHUDESHIHOU，K’NENGFOUBIJIAOXIAO（JIYUGUDINGXIANGDEZUOYONGLIZUGOUXIAO，NENGBEIKUAISUCHONGXICHUQU）。

DAYIGEBIFANG：

一辆汽车和一辆摩托车，通过一个长度为Lkm的隧道，汽车初始速度为20Km/h，摩托车的初始速度为35km/h,汽车的加速度为1.5m/s²，摩托车的加速度为0.8m/s²，那么谁将先通过隧道，汽车能否实现超车？

QISHIRUGUOSUIDAOZUGOUDUAN，YOUYUCHUSHIYOUYUMOTUOCHESUDUKUAI，SUIRANJIASUDUXIAO，DANSHIQICHEZHENGTIDEYIDONGSUDURENGRANXIAOYUMOTUOCHE，QICHEDEPINGJUNSUDUJIUXIAOYUMOTUOCHEDESUDU，ZAIZHEIGEZHENGTISHUIPINGSHANG，QICHEJIUHUIBIMOTUOCHEMANDAODA，LIRU：DANGL=100mSHI，QICHETONGGUODESHIJIANWEI8.42S，MOTUOCHETONGGUODESHIJIANWEI7.78S。

XIANGFAN，RUGUOSUIDAOZUGOUZHANG，NEIMEQICHEZAIZHEIDUANJULISHANGDEPINGJUNCHESUJIUBIMOTUOCHEKUAI，NEIMEQICHEJIUNENGSHIXIANWANDAOCHAOCHE，LIRUDANGL=1000mSHI，TONGGUOSUIDAODESHIJIAN，MOTUOCHEWEI39.3S；ERQICHEWEI33S。

ZHEIGEBIFANGLIMIANDEZHANGWEILDESUIDAO（BUTONGDESUIDAOZHANGDUFANYINGLECHEZITONGGUOSUIDAODEJIASUSHIJIANDEZHANGDUAN，DAOZHIZUIZHONGTONGGUOSUIDAODEPINGJUNSUDUBUYIYANG），ZHEIGEJIUXIANGDANGYUSEPUZHUZHANG，CHUSHISUDUJIUXIANGDANGYUCHUSHILIUDONGXIANGBILIXIADEHUAHEWUDEK’，JIASUDUJIUXIANGDANGYUlgK’YUψXIANXINGQUXIANDEQUXIANXIELV，WOMENTONGCHANGSHUOSEPUZHUZHUZIZHANGDUSHIYIDINGDE，LIUDONGXIANGZAITIDUBIANHUADEGUOCHENGZHONG，ZAIZHEIGESHIJIANDUANNEI，NEIMEXIANGTONGDEZHUZIZHANGDU，K’BIANHUADESULVBUTONG（JIURUTONGCHEZIDEJIASUDUYIYANG），ZAIZHENGGESEPUXINGWEISHANGDEPINGJUNZHIK’（RUTONGCHEZIZAITONGGUOSUIDAODEPINGJUNSUDUV’），JIUBUYIYANG，RUGUOZAITIDUBIANHUADESHIJIANFANWEINEI，TONGGUOXIANGTONGDESEPUZHU，K’DEPINGJUNZHIYUEXIAO，JIUYUERONGYIXIANBEIXITUOCHUSEPUZHU，YINCIWOMENBUNENGGUANGGUANZHUHUAHEWUDECHUSHIK’，HAIXUYAOGUANZHUHUAHEWUDEK’DEBIANHUASULV，ZHEIJIUHENHAODEJIESHILE，WEISHENMEYOUDEWUZHIZAITONGYIGENSEPUZHUSHANG，ZAIATIDUSHI，HUAHEWUXBIHUAHEWUGXIANCHUFENG，ERZAILINGWAIYIGETIDUSHI，QUESHIGXIANCHUFENG（XINGSHIFASHENGLENIZHUAN）。ZUIZHONGSHEIXIANCHUFENG，YUZHEIXIEYINSUYOUGUAN，LINGWAIDANGJIEJINSUIDAOCHUKOUSHI，RUOQICHESUDUJIADAOYUEKUAI（XIANGDUIYUHUAHEWUDEK’YUEXIAO），NEIMEQICHEHUOZHEMOTUOCHEZHENGTITONGGUOSUIDAODESHIJIANJIUYUEDUAN（t=CHESHENZHANGDU/CHESU），DUIYINGYUCISHIHUAHEWUCHUFENGDESEPUFENGKUANDUJIUYUEZHAI。

例如，车身长为2.5m，如果最终通过隧道时车速为23m/s,则汽车完全通过隧道的时间为：0.10S，如果这时候车速为15m/s，则汽车完全通过隧道的时间为：0.16S，我们看到，出隧道时，车速越快，车子通过隧道的时间越短，反映在色谱上，就是峰的宽窄了。色谱峰流出的峰宽度反映在色谱图上的宽度即t₁-t₀。

总结

1、DUIYURONGLIANGYINZIK’FANWEIHENDADEHUAHEWUZU，FENLIKEYIYOUXIANKAOLVTIDUXITUO。

2、DUOZUFENDEFENLICELVE，KAOLVHESHIDEFENXISHIJIANNEI，DEDAOZHAIFENGHEHAODEFENLIDU

3、TIDUXITUOSHILIYONGBIANHUADEYOUJIXIANGBILI，JIQIANGDUBUTONG，DADAOGAIBIANHUAHEWUZAILIANGXIANGZHONGDEZUOYONGLIDAXIAO。

4、lg K’YUψJINSIXIANXINGGUANXI

5、K’SUIψDEBIANHUAQUSHIDEBUTONG，SHIDETIDUXITUOJIANGBUTONGHUAHEWUZAISEPUSHANGDEBAOLIUSHIJIANCHAYILADA，SHENZHICHUXIANCHAOCHE。

6、K’≈0SHI，HUAHEWUJIHUYUGUDINGXIANGWUZUOYONGLI，NENGKUAISUTONGGUOSEPUZHU，CHANSHENGJIANFENG。